Establishing additional reverse link carriers in multi-carrier wireless systems

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for reliably and quickly establishing multiple reverse links in multi-carrier wireless networks is provided. Signaling channels are established on an existing forward link in order to transmit reverse link power control bits and the acknowledgment indications.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(a), this application claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/719,407 filed on Sep. 21, 2005,the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

This invention is related to integrated multi-carrier systems and, inparticular, to a method and apparatus for reliably and quicklyestablishing multiple reverse links in multi-carrier wireless networks.

Description of the Related Art

In the world of cellular telecommunications, those skilled in the artoften use the terms 1G, 2G, and 3G. The terms refer to the generation ofthe cellular technology used. 1G refers to the first generation, 2G tothe second generation, and 3G to the third generation.

1G refers to analog phone systems known as AMPS (Advanced Mobile PhoneService) phone systems. 2G is commonly used to refer to the digitalcellular systems that are prevalent throughout the world, and includeCDMAOne, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), and TimeDivision Multiple Access (TDMA). 2G systems can support a greater numberof users in a dense area than can 1G systems.

3G commonly refers to the digital cellular systems currently beingdeployed. These 3G communication systems are conceptually similar toeach other with some significant differences.

Referring to FIG. 1, a wireless communication network architecture) isillustrated. A subscriber uses a mobile station (MS) 2 to access networkservices. The MS 2 may be a portable communications unit, such as ahand-held cellular phone, a communication unit installed in a vehicle,or a fixed-location communications unit.

The electromagnetic waves for the MS 2 are transmitted by the BaseTransceiver System (BTS) 3 also known as node B. The BTS 3 consists ofradio devices such as antennas and equipment for transmitting andreceiving radio waves. The BS 6 Controller (BSC) 4 receives thetransmissions from one or more BTS's. The BSC 4 provides control andmanagement of the radio transmissions from each BTS 3 by exchangingmessages with the BTS and the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 5 orInternal IP Network. The BTS's 3 and BSC 4 are part of the BS 6 (BS) 6.

The BS 6 exchanges messages with and transmits data to a CircuitSwitched Core Network (CSCN) 7 and Packet Switched Core Network (PSCN)8. The CSCN 7 provides traditional voice communications and the PSCN 8provides Internet applications and multimedia services.

The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 5 portion of the CSCN 7 providesswitching for traditional voice communications to and from a MS 2 andmay store information to support these capabilities. The MSC 2 may beconnected to one of more BS's 6 as well as other public networks, forexample a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) (not shown) orIntegrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (not shown). A VisitorLocation Register (VLR) 9 is used to retrieve information for handlingvoice communications to or from a visiting subscriber. The VLR 9 may bewithin the MSC 5 and may serve more than one MSC.

A user identity is assigned to the Home Location Register (HLR) 10 ofthe CSCN 7 for record purposes such as subscriber information, forexample Electronic Serial Number (ESN), Mobile Directory Number (MDR),Profile Information, Current Location, and Authentication Period. TheAuthentication Center (AC) 11 manages authentication information relatedto the MS 2. The AC 11 may be within the HLR 10 and may serve more thanone HLR. The interface between the MSC 5 and the HLR/AC 10, 11 is anIS-41 standard interface 18.

The Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) 12 portion of the PSCN 8 providesrouting for packet data traffic to and from MS 2. The PDSN 12establishes, maintains, and terminates link layer sessions to the MS 2's2 and may interface with one of more BS 6 and one of more PSCN 8.

The Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) 13 Serverprovides Internet Protocol authentication, authorization and accountingfunctions related to packet data traffic. The Home Agent (HA) 14provides authentication of MS 2 IP registrations, redirects packet datato and from the Foreign Agent (FA) 15 component of the PDSN 8, andreceives provisioning information for users from the AAA 13. The HA 14may also establish, maintain, and terminate secure communications to thePDSN 12 and assign a dynamic IP address. The PDSN 12 communicates withthe AAA 13, HA 14 and the Internet 16 via an Internal IP Network.

There are several types of multiple access schemes, specificallyFrequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). In FDMA, usercommunications are separated by frequency, for example, by using 30 KHzchannels. In TDMA, user communications are separated by frequency andtime, for example, by using 30 KHz channels with 6 timeslots. In CDMA,user communications are separated by digital code.

In CDMA, All users on the same spectrum, for example, 1.25 MHz. Eachuser has a unique digital code identifier and the digital codes separateusers to prevent interference.

A CDMA signal uses many chips to convey a single bit of information.Each user has a unique chip pattern, which is essentially a codechannel. In order to recover a bit, a large number of chips areintegrated according to a user's known chip pattern. Other user's codepatterns appear random and are integrated in a self-canceling mannerand, therefore, do not disturb the bit decoding decisions made accordingto the user's proper code pattern.

Input data is combined with a fast spreading sequence and transmitted asa spread data stream. A receiver uses the same spreading sequence toextract the original data. FIG. 2A illustrates the spreading andde-spreading process. As illustrated in FIG. 2B, multiple spreadingsequences may be combined to create unique, robust channels.

A Walsh code is one type of spreading sequence. Each Walsh code is 64chips long and is precisely orthogonal to all other Walsh codes. Thecodes are simple to generate and small enough to be stored in Read OnlyMemory (ROM).

A short PN code is another type of spreading sequence. A short PN Codeconsists of two PN sequences (I and Q), each of which is 32,768 chipslong and is generated in similar, but differently tapped 15-bit shiftregisters. The two sequences scramble the information on the I and Qphase channels.

A long PN code is another type of spreading sequence. A long PN Code sgenerated in a 42-bit register and is more than 40 days long, or about4×10¹³ chips long. Due to its length, a long PN code cannot be stored inROM in a terminal and, therefore, is generated chip-by-chip.

Each MS 2 codes its signal with the PN long code and a unique offset, orpublic long code mask, computed using the long PN code ESN of 32-bitsand 10 bits set by the system. The public long code mask produces aunique shift. Private long code masks may be used to enhance privacy.When integrated over as short a period as 64 chips, MS 2 with differentlong PN code offsets will appear practically orthogonal.

CDMA communication uses forward channels and reverse channels. A forwardchannel is utilized for signals from a BTS 3 to a MS 2 and a reversechannel is utilized for signals from a MS to a BTS.

A forward channel uses its specific assigned Walsh code and a specificPN offset for a sector, with one user able to have multiple channeltypes at the same time. A forward channel is identified by its CDMA RFcarrier frequency, the unique short code PN offset of the sector and theunique Walsh code of the user. CDMA forward channels include a pilotchannel, sync channel, paging channels and traffic channels.

The pilot channel is a “structural beacon” which does not contain acharacter stream, but rather is a timing sequence used for systemacquisition and as a measurement device during handoffs. A pilot channeluses Walsh code 0.

The sync channel carries a data stream of system identification andparameter information used by MS 2 during system acquisition. A syncchannel uses Walsh code 32.

There may be from one to seven paging channels according to capacityrequirements. Paging channels carry pages, system parameter informationand call setup orders. Paging channels use Walsh codes 1-7.

The traffic channels are assigned to individual users to carry calltraffic. Traffic channels use any remaining Walsh codes subject tooverall capacity as limited by noise.

A reverse channel is utilized for signals from a MS 2 to a BTS 3 anduses a Walsh code and offset of the long PN sequence specific to the MS,with one user able to transmit multiple types of channelssimultaneously. A reverse channel is identified by its CDMA RF carrierfrequency and the unique long code PN offset of the individual MS 2.Reverse channels include traffic channels and access channels.

Individual users use traffic channels during actual calls to transmittraffic to the BTS 3. A reverse traffic channel is basically auser-specific Public or Private Long Code Mask and there are as manyreverse traffic channels as there are CDMA terminals.

An MS 2 not yet involved in a call uses access channels to transmitregistration requests, call setup requests, page responses, orderresponses and other signaling information. An access channel isbasically a public long code offset unique to a BTS 3 sector. Accesschannels are paired with paging channels, with each paging channelhaving up to 32 access channels.

CDMA communication provides many advantages. Some of the advantages arevariable rate vocoding and multiplexing, forward power control, use ofRAKE receivers and soft handoff.

CDMA allows the use of variable rate vocoders to compress speech, reducebit rate and greatly increase capacity. Variable rate vocoding providesfull bit rate during speech, low data rates during speech pauses,increased capacity and natural sound. Multiplexing allows voice,signaling and user secondary data to be mixed in CDMA frames.

By utilizing forward power control, the BTS 3 continually reduces thestrength of each user's forward baseband chip stream. When a particularMS 2 experiences errors on the forward link, more energy is requestedand a quick boost of energy is supplied after which the energy is againreduced.

Reverse power control uses three methods in tandem to equalize allterminal signal levels at the BTS 3. Reverse open loop power control ischaracterized by the MS 2 adjusting power up or down based on a receivedBTS 3 signal (AGC). Reverse closed loop power control is characterizedby the BTS 3 adjusting power up or down by 1 db at a rate of 800 timesper second. Reverse outer loop power control is characterized by the BSC4 adjusting a BTS 3 set point when the BSC has Forward Error Correction(FER) trouble hearing the MS 2.

The actual RF power output of the MS 2 transmitter (TXPO), including thecombined effects of open loop power control from receiver AGC and closedloop power control by the BTS 3, cannot exceed the maximum power of theMS, which is typically +23 dbm. Reverse power control is performedaccording to the equation “TXPO=−(RX_(dbm))−C+TXGA,” where “TXGA” is thesum of all Closed Loop power control commands from the BTS 3 since thebeginning of a call and “C” is +73 for 800 MHZ systems and +76 for 1900MHz systems.

Using a RAKE receiver allows a MS 2 to use the combined outputs of thethree traffic correlators, or “RAKE fingers,” every frame. Each RAKEfinger can independently recover a particular PN offset and Walsh code.The fingers may be targeted on delayed multipath reflections ofdifferent BTS's 3, with a searcher continuously checking pilot signals.

The MS 2 drives soft handoff. The MS 2 continuously checks availablepilot signals and reports to the BTS 3 regarding the pilot signals itcurrently sees. The BTS 3 assigns up to a maximum of six sectors and theMS 2 assigns its fingers accordingly. Al messages are sent bydim-and-burst without muting. Each end of the communication link choosesthe best configuration on a frame-by-frame basis, with handofftransparent to users.

A cdma2000 system is a third-generation (3G) wideband; spread spectrumradio interface system that uses the enhanced service potential of CDMAtechnology to facilitate data capabilities, such as Internet andintranet access, multimedia applications, high-speed businesstransactions, and telemetry. The focus of cdma2000, as is that of otherthird-generation systems, is on network economy and radio transmissiondesign to overcome the limitations of a finite amount of radio spectrumavailability.

FIG. 3 illustrates a data link protocol architecture layer 20 for acdma2000 wireless network. The data link protocol architecture layer 20includes an Upper Layer 60, a Link Layer 30 and a Physical Layer 21.

The Upper Layer 60 includes three sublayers; a Data Services sublayer61; a Voice Services sublayer 62 and a Signaling Services sublayer 63.Data Services 61 are services that deliver any form of data on behalf ofa mobile end user and include packet data applications such as IPservice, circuit data applications such as asynchronous fax and B-ISDNemulation services, and SMS. Voice Services 62 include PSTN access,mobile-to-mobile voice services, and Internet telephony. Signaling 63controls all aspects of mobile operation.

The Signaling Services sublayer 63 processes all messages exchangedbetween the MS 2 and BS 6. These messages control such functions as callsetup and teardown, handoffs, feature activation, system configuration,registration and authentication.

In the MS 2, the Signaling Services sublayer 63 is also responsible formaintaining call process states, specifically a MS 2 InitializationState, MS 2 Idle State, System Access State and MS 2 Control on TrafficChannel State.

The Link Layer 30 is subdivided into the Link Access Control (LAC)sublayer 32 and the Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer 31. The LinkLayer 30 provides protocol support and control mechanisms for datatransport services and performs the functions necessary to map the datatransport needs of the Upper layer 60 into specific capabilities andcharacteristics of the Physical Layer 21. The Link Layer 30 may beviewed as an interface between the Upper Layer 60 and the Physical Layer20.

The separation of MAC 31 and LAC 32 sublayers is motivated by the needto support a wide range of Upper Layer 60 services and the requirementto provide for high efficiency and low latency data services over a wideperformance range, specifically from 1.2 Kbps to greater than 2 Mbps.Other motivators are the need for supporting high Quality of Service(QoS) delivery of circuit and packet data services, such as limitationson acceptable delays and/or data BER (bit error rate), and the growingdemand for advanced multimedia services each service having a differentQoS requirements.

The LAC sublayer 32 is required to provide a reliable, in-sequencedelivery transmission control function over a point-to-point radiotransmission link 42. The LAC sublayer 32 manages point-to pointcommunication channels between upper layer 60 entities and providesframework to support a wide range of different end-to-end reliable LinkLayer 30 protocols.

The LAC sublayer 32 provides correct delivery of signaling messages.Functions include assured delivery where acknowledgement is required,unassured delivery where no acknowledgement is required, duplicatemessage detection, address control to deliver a message to an individualMS 2, segmentation of messages into suitable sized fragments fortransfer over the physical medium, reassembly and validation of receivedmessages and global challenge authentication.

The MAC sublayer 31 facilitates complex multimedia, multi-servicescapabilities of 3G wireless systems with QoS management capabilities foreach active service. The MAC sublayer 31 provides procedures forcontrolling the access of packet data and circuit data services to thePhysical Layer 21, including the contention control between multipleservices from a single user, as well as between competing users in thewireless system. The MAC sublayer 31 also performs mapping betweenlogical channels and physical channels, multiplexes data from multiplesources onto single physical channels and provides for reasonablyreliable transmission over the Radio Link Layer using a Radio LinkProtocol (RLP) 33 for a best-effort level of reliability. SignalingRadio Burst Protocol (SRBP) 35 is an entity that provides connectionlessprotocol for signaling messages. Multiplexing and QoS Control 34 isresponsible for enforcement of negotiated QoS levels by mediatingconflicting requests from competing services and the appropriateprioritization of access requests.

The Physical Layer 21 is responsible for coding and modulation of datatransmitted over the air. The Physical Layer 21 conditions digital datafrom the higher layers so that the data may be transmitted over a mobileradio channel reliably.

The Physical Layer 21 maps user data and signaling, which the MACsublayer 31 delivers over multiple transport channels, into a physicalchannels and transmits the information over the radio interface. In thetransmit direction, the functions performed by the Physical Layer 21include channel coding, interleaving, scrambling, spreading andmodulation. In the receive direction, the functions are reversed inorder to recover the transmitted data at the receiver.

FIG. 4 illustrates an overview of call processing. Processing a callincludes pilot and sync channel processing, paging channel processing,access channel processing and traffic channel processing.

Pilot and sync channel processing refers to the MS 2 processing thepilot and sync channels to acquire and synchronize with the CDMA systemin the MS 2 Initialization State. Paging channel processing refers tothe MS 2 monitoring the paging channel or the forward common controlchannel (F-CCCH) to receive overhead and mobile-directed messages fromthe BS 6 in the Idle State. Access channel processing refers to the MS 2sending messages to the BS 6 on the access channel or the Enhancedaccess channel in the System Access State, with the BS 6 alwayslistening to these channels and responding to the MS on either a pagingchannel or the F-CCCH. Traffic channel processing refers to the BS 6 andMS 2 communicating using dedicated forward and reverse traffic channelsin the MS 2 control on Traffic Channel State, with the dedicated forwardand reverse traffic channels carrying user information, such as voiceand data.

FIG. 5 illustrates the Initialization State of a MS 2. TheInitialization State includes a System Determination Substate, PilotChannel Acquisition, Sync Channel Acquisition, a Timing Change Substateand a Mobile Station Idle State.

System Determination is a process by which the MS 2 decides from whichsystem to obtain service. The process could include decisions such asanalog versus digital, cellular versus PCS, and A carrier versus Bcarrier. A custom selection process may control System determination. Aservice provider using a redirection process may also control SystemDetermination. After the MS 2 selects a system, it must determine onwhich channel within that system to search for service. Generally the MS2 uses a prioritized channel list to select the channel.

Pilot Channel Acquisition is a process whereby the MS 2 first gainsinformation regarding system timing by searching for usable pilotsignals. Pilot channels contain no information, but the MS 2 can alignits own timing by correlating with the pilot channel. Once thiscorrelation is completed, the MS 2 is synchronized with the sync channeland can read a sync channel message to further refine its timing. The MS2 is permitted to search up to 15 seconds on a single pilot channelbefore it declares failure and returns to System Determination to selecteither another channel or another system. The searching procedure is notstandardized, with the time to acquire the system depending onimplementation.

FIG. 6 illustrates the System Access State. The first step in the systemaccess process is to update overhead information to ensure that the MS 2is using the correct Access channel parameters, such as initial powerlevel and power step increments. A MS 2 randomly selects an accesschannel and transmits without coordination with the BS 6 or other MS.

The Multiplexing and QoS Control sublayer 34 has both a transmittingfunction and a receiving function. The transmitting function combinesinformation from various sources, such as Data Services 61, SignalingServices 63 or Voice Services 62, and forms Physical layer SDUs andPDCHCF SDUs for transmission. The receiving function separates theinformation contained in Physical Layer 21 and PDCHCF SDUs and directsthe information to the correct entity, such as Data Services 61, UpperLayer Signaling 63 or Voice Services 62.

The Multiplexing and QoS Control sublayer 34 operates in timesynchronization with the Physical Layer 21. If the Physical Layer 21 istransmitting with a non-zero frame offset, the Multiplexing and QoSControl sublayer 34 delivers Physical Layer SDUs for transmission by thePhysical Layer at the appropriate frame offset from system time.

The Multiplexing and QoS Control sublayer 34 delivers a Physical Layer21 SDU to the Physical Layer using a physical-channel specific serviceinterface set of primitives. The Physical Layer 21 delivers a PhysicalLayer SDU to the Multiplexing and QoS Control sublayer 34 using aphysical channel specific Receive Indication service interfaceoperation.

The SRBP Sublayer 35 includes the Sync Channel, Forward Common ControlChannel, Broadcast Control Channel, Paging Channel and Access ChannelProcedures.

The LAC Sublayer 32 provides services to Layer 3 60. SDUs are passedbetween Layer 3 60 and the LAC Sublayer 32. The LAC Sublayer 32 providesthe proper encapsulation of the SDUs into LAC PDUs, which are subject tosegmentation and reassembly and are transferred as encapsulated PDUfragments to the MAC Sublayer 31.

Processing within the LAC Sublayer 32 is done sequentially, withprocessing entities passing the partially formed LAC PDU to each otherin a well-established order. SDUs and PDUs are processed and transferredalong functional paths, without the need for the upper layers to beaware of the radio characteristics of the physical channels. However,the upper layers could be aware of the characteristics of the physicalchannels and may direct Layer 2 30 to use certain physical channels forthe transmission of certain PDUs.

A 1xEV-DO system is optimized for packet data service and characterizedby a single 1.25 MHz carrier (“1x”) for Data Only or Data Optimized(“DO”). Furthermore, there is a peak data rate of 2.4 Mbps or 4.9152Mbps on the Forward Link and 153.6 Kbps or 1.8432 Mbps on the ReverseLink. Moreover 1xEV-DO provides separated frequency bands andinternetworking with a 1x System. FIG. 7 illustrates a comparison ofcdma2000 for 1x and 1xEV-DO.

In a cdma2000 system, there are concurrent services, whereby voice anddata are transmitted together at a maximum data rate of 614.4 kbps and307.2 kbps in practice. An MS 2 communicates with the MSC 5 for voicecalls and with the PDSN 12 for data calls. CDMA2000 is characterized bya fixed rate with variable power with a Walsh-code separated forwardtraffic channel.

In a 1xEV-DO system, the maximum data rate is 2.4 Mbps or 3.072 Mbps andthere is no communication with the circuit-switched core network 7.1xEV-DO is characterized by fixed power and a variable rate with asingle forward channel that is time division multiplexed.

FIG. 8 illustrates a 1xEV-DO architecture forward link slot structure.In a 1xEV-DO system, a frame consists of 16 slots, with 600 slots/sec,and has a duration of 26.67 ms, or 32,768 chips. A single slot is 1.6667ms long and has 2048 chips. A control/traffic channel has 1600 chips ina slot, a pilot channel has 192 chips in a slot and a MAC channel has256 chips in a slot. A 1xEV-DO system facilitates simpler and fasterchannel estimation and time synchronization,

FIG. 9 illustrates a 1xEV-DO system default protocol architecture. FIG.10 illustrates a 1xEV-DO system non-default protocol architecture.

Information related to a session in a 1xEV-DO system includes a set ofprotocols used by an MS 2, or Access Terminal (AT), and a BS 6, orAccess Network (AN), over an airlink, a Unicast Access TerminalIdentifier (UATI), configuration of the protocols used by the AT and ANover the airlink and an estimate of the current AT location.

The Application Layer provides best effort, whereby the message is sentonce, and reliable delivery, whereby the message can be retransmittedone or more times. The Steam Layer provides the ability to multiplex upto 4 (default) or 244 (non-default) application streams for one AT 2.

The Session Layer ensures the session is still valid and manages closingof session, specifies procedures for the initial UATI assignment,maintains AT addresses and negotiates/provisions the protocols usedduring the session and the configuration parameters for these protocols.

FIG. 11 illustrates the establishment of a 1xEV-DO session. Asillustrated in FIG. 11, establishing a session includes addressconfiguration, connection establishment, session configuration andexchange keys.

Address configuration refers to an Address Management protocol assigninga UATI and Subnet mask. Connection establishment refers to ConnectionLayer protocols setting up a radio link. Session configuration refers toa Session Configuration Protocol configuring all protocols. Exchangekeys refers to a Key Exchange protocol in the Security Layer setting upkeys for authentication.

A “session’ refers to the logical communication link between the AT 2and the RNC, which remains open for hours, with a default of 54 hours. Asession lasts until the PPP session is active as well. Sessioninformation is controlled and maintained by the RNC in the AN 6.

When a connection is opened, the AT 2 can be assigned the forwardtraffic channel and is assigned a reverse traffic channel and reversepower control channel. Multiple connections may occur during singlesession. There are two connection states in a 1xEV-DO system, a closedconnection and an open connection.

A closed connection refers to a state where the AT 2 is not assigned anydedicated air-link resources and communications between the AT and AN 6are conducted over the access channel and the control channel. An openconnection refers to a state where the AT 2 can be assigned the forwardtraffic channel, is assigned a reverse power control channel and areverse traffic channel and communication between the AT 2 and AN 6 isconducted over these assigned channels as well as over the controlchannel.

The Connection Layer manages initial acquisition of the network, settingan open connection and closed connection and communications.Furthermore, the Connection Layer maintains an approximate AT 2 locationin both the open connection and closed connection and manages a radiolink between the AT 2 and the AN 6 when there is an open connection.Moreover, the Connection Layer performs supervision in both the openconnection and closed connection, prioritizes and encapsulatestransmitted data received from the Session Layer, forwards theprioritized data to the Security Layer and decapsulates data receivedfrom the Security Layer and forwards it to the Session Layer.

FIG. 12 illustrates Connection Layer Protocols. As illustrated in FIG.12, the protocols include an Initialization State, an Idle State and aConnected State.

In the Initialization State, the AT 2 acquires the AN 6 and activatesthe initialization State Protocol. In the Idle State, a ClosedConnection is initiated and the Idle State Protocol is activated. In theconnected State, an open connection is initiated and the Connected StateProtocol is activated.

The Initialization State Protocol performs actions associated withacquiring an AN 6. The Idle State Protocol performs actions associatedwith an AT 2 that has acquired an AN 6, but does not have an openconnection, such as keeping track of the AT location using a RouteUpdate Protocol. The Connected State Protocol performs actionsassociated with an AT 2 that has an open connection, such as managingthe radio link between the AT and AN 6 and managing the proceduresleading to a closed connection. The Route Update Protocol performsactions associated with keeping track of the AT 2 location andmaintaining the radio link between the AT and AN 6. The Overhead MessageProtocol broadcasts essential parameters, such as QuickConfig,SectorParameters and AccessParameters message, over the Control channel.The Packet Consolidation Protocol consolidates and prioritizes packetsfor transmission as a function of their assigned priority and the targetchannel as well as providing packet de-multiplexing on the receiver.

The Security Layer includes a key exchange function, authenticationfunction and encryption function. The key exchange function provides theprocedures followed by the AN 2 and AT 6 for authenticating traffic. Theauthentication function provides the procedures followed by the AN 2 andAT 6 to exchange security keys for authentication and encryption. Theencryption function provides the procedures followed by the AN 2 and AT6 for encrypting traffic.

The 1xEV-DO forward link is characterized in that no power control andno soft handoff are supported. The AN 6 transmits at constant power andthe AT 2 requests variable rates on the forward link. Because differentusers may transmit at different times in TDM, it is difficult toimplement diversity transmission from different BS's 6 that are intendedfor a single user.

In the MAC Layer, two types of messages originated from higher layersare transported across the physical layer, specifically a user datamessage and a signaling message. Two protocols are used to process thetwo types of messages, specifically a forward traffic channel MACProtocol for the user data message and a control channel MAC Protocol,for the signaling message.

The Physical Layer 21 is characterized by a spreading rate of 1.2288Mcps, a frame consisting of 16 slots and 26.67 ms, with a slot of 1.67ms and 2048 chips. The forward link channel includes a pilot channel, aforward traffic channel or control channel and a MAC channel.

The pilot Channel is similar to the to the cdma2000Pilot channel in thatit comprises all “0” information bits and Walsh-spreading with WO with192 chips for a slot.

The forward traffic channel is characterized by a data rate that variesfrom 38.4 kbps to 2.4576 Mbps or from 4.8 kbps to 4.9152 Mbps. PhysicalLayer packets can be transmitted in 1 to 16 slots and the transmit slotsuse 4-slot interlacing when more than one slot is allocated. If ACK isreceived on the reverse link ACK channel before all of the allocatedslots have been transmitted, the remaining slots shall not betransmitted.

The control channel is similar to the sync channel and paging channel incdma2000. The control channel is characterized by a period of 256 slotsor 426.67 ms, a Physical Layer packet length of 1024 bits or 128, 256,512 and 1024 bits and a data rate of 38.4 kbps or 76.8 kbps or 19.2kbps, 38.4 kbps or 76.8 kbps.

The MAC channel provides a reverse activity (RA) channel, a reversepower control channel, a DRCLock channel, an ARQ channel and a pilotchannel.

The Reverse Activity (RA) channel is used by the AN 6 to inform all ATswithin its coverage area of the current activity on the reverse link andis a MAC channel with MAC Index 4. The RA channel carries reverseactivity bits (RAB).

The AN 6 uses the Reverse Power Control (RPC) channel for power controlof the AT's 2 reverse link transmissions. A reverse power control bit istransmitted through the RPC Channel.

The DRCLock channel prevents a situation where the DRC does not schedulean AT 2 for forward transmission and the AT continues to request servicethrough the DRC if a sector cannot hear the DRC for the particular AT.If the DRCLock bit for the AT 2 is set, the AT stops sending the DRC tothe sector.

The ARQ channel supports Reverse Link Hybrid-ARQ (H-ARQ), wherebyremaining sub-packets are not transmitted if the AN 6 has resolved thePhysical Layer packet. H-ARQ indicates whether the AN 6 successfullyreceived the packet transmitted in a previous slot.

ACK/NAK facilitates an AT 2 receiving some of the data and verifying thechecksum. FIG. 13 illustrates ACK/NAK operation in the forward link.

The 1xEV-DO reverse link is characterized in that the AN 6 can powercontrol the reverse link by using reverse power control and more thanone AN can receive the AT's 2 transmission via soft handoff.Furthermore, there is no TDM on the reverse link, which is channelizedby Walsh code using a long PN code.

In the reverse link, two MAC Layer protocols are used to process twotypes of messages. A reverse traffic channel MAC protocol is used toprocess user data messages and an access channel MAC protocol is used toprocess signaling messages.

Using the reverse traffic channel MAC protocol, the AN 6 providesinformation to the AT 2 including BroadcastReverseRateLimit,UnicastReverseRateLimit, Reverse Activity Bit, Transition Probabilitymatrix and Rate Parameters. Reverse link channels include reversetraffic channels and access channels.

Reverse traffic channels include a data channel, pilot channel, MACchannel and ACK channel. Primary and auxiliary pilot channels may beprovided.

A Reverse Rate Indicator (RRI) is sent to the AN 6 every 26.67 ms orevery 16 slots and indicates the data rate as a 3-bit RRI field orpayload size of the data channel. The RRI may convey the sub-packet IDof the current transmission and include 6 bits of RRI symbols,specifically 4 bits for Payload Index and 2 bits for Sub-packet Index.

The AT 2 uses the ACK channel to inform the AN 6 whether a PhysicalLayer packet transmitted on the forward traffic channel has beenreceived successfully. Specifically, the ACK bit is set to 0 indicatesCRC OK and the ACK bit set to 1 indicates CRC Fail. FIG. 14 illustratesthe use of the ACK channel in the reverse link.

The MAC channel further includes a Reverse Rate Indicator (RRI) channel,Data Rate Control (DRC) channel and Data Source Control (DSC) channel.Access channels include a pilot channel and data channel.

Conventional systems tend to be independent single-carrier systems witha single RL and single FL, such as FDD. Given that there exists at leastone RL and one FL already established, conventional methods havedisadvantages when establishing additional RLs.

The new RL carriers may be in adjacent carriers or non-adjacentcarriers. The conventional methods used to establish the RL in asingle-carrier system by using access probes could be used. However, arather long delay would result for each new RL carrier. Furthermore,conventional methods for determining the initial transmission power ofadditional RL carriers provide only an estimate of the “correct”transmission power and the level of accuracy is uncertain.

Therefore, there is a need for a method and apparatus for reliably andquickly establishing multiple reverse links in multi-carrier wirelessnetworks that can quickly and reliability bring the transmission powerlevel to the “correct” level. The present invention addresses these andother needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in thedescription which follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Theobjectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized andattained by the structure particularly pointed out in the writtendescription and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

The invention is directed to provide a method and apparatus for reliablyand quickly establishing multiple reverse links in multi-carrierwireless networks. Specifically, the present invention is directed to amethod and apparatus for reliably and quickly establishing multiplereverse links in multi-carrier wireless networks that can quickly andreliability bring the transmission power level to the “correct” level.

In one aspect of the present invention, a method of establishingadditional reverse link carriers in a multi-carrier wirelesscommunication system is provided. The method includes establishing afirst communication link with a network by receiving data from thenetwork via a first forward link carrier and transmitting data to thenetwork via a first reverse link carrier, receiving a traffic channelassignment indicator for a second reverse link carrier via the firstforward link carrier and receiving reverse link power controlinformation for the second reverse link via the first forward linkcarrier, the reverse link power control information associated withcontrolling transmission power of the second reverse link carrieraccording to a channel quality of the first forward link.

It is contemplated that the method further includes transmitting anindicator to the network using an adjusted power level, the power leveladjusted according to a predetermined step size in response to thereverse link power control information. It is further contemplated thatan initial transmission power for transmitting the indicator isdetermined in response to at least one of a reverse link load and achannel correlation estimate between the first reverse link carrier andthe second reverse link carrier.

It is contemplated that the indicator includes at least one of a pilotsignal and a reverse rate indicator. It is further contemplated that themethod further includes receiving a notification signal from the networkvia one of the first forward link carrier and a second forward linkcarrier, the notification signal indicating that the network hasacquired the second reverse link carrier.

It is contemplated that the notification signal is received in one of asignaling message and a physical layer message. It is furthercontemplated that the first forward link carrier and the first reverselink carrier include a code division multiple access (CDMA) channel.

It is contemplated that the method further includes receiving apower-adjust signal from the network and transmitting another indicatorat an adjusted power level, the power level adjusted according to a stepsize that is larger than the predetermined step size. It is furthercontemplated that the method further includes communicating packet datavia the second reverse link carrier when the reverse link power controlinformation received from the network is associated with decreasing apower level. Preferably, the method further includes communicatingpacket data via the second reverse link carrier when an acknowledgementsignal is received from the network.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method of establishingadditional reverse link carriers in a multi-carrier wirelesscommunication system is provided. The method includes establishing afirst communication link with a mobile terminal by transmitting data tothe mobile terminal via a first forward link carrier and receiving datafrom the mobile terminal via a first reverse link carrier, transmittinga traffic channel assignment indicator for a second reverse link carriervia the first forward link carrier and transmitting reverse link powercontrol information for the second reverse link via the first forwardlink carrier, the reverse link power control information associated withcontrolling transmission power of the second reverse link carrieraccording to a channel quality of the first forward link.

It is contemplated that the method further includes receiving anindicator from the mobile terminal, the indicator received at anadjusted power level, the power level adjusted according to apredetermined step size in response to the reverse link power controlinformation. It is further contemplated that the indicator includes atleast one of a pilot signal and a reverse rate indicator.

It is contemplated that the method further includes transmitting anotification signal to the mobile terminal via one of the first forwardlink carrier and a second forward link carrier, the notification signalindicating that the second reverse link carrier was acquired. It isfurther contemplated that the notification signal is transmitted in oneof a signaling message and a physical layer message.

It is contemplated that the first forward link carrier and the firstreverse link carrier comprise a code division multiple access (CDMA)channel. It is further contemplated that the method further includestransmitting a power-adjust signal to the mobile terminal and receivinganother indicator at an adjusted power level, the power level adjustedaccording to a step size that is larger than the predetermined stepsize.

It is contemplated that the method further includes receiving packetdata via the second reverse link carrier when the reverse link powercontrol information transmitted to the mobile terminal is associatedwith decreasing a power level. It is further contemplated that themethod further includes receiving packet data via the second reverselink carrier when an acknowledgement signal is transmitted to the mobileterminal.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method of establishingadditional reverse link carriers in a multi-carrier wirelesscommunication system is provided. The method includes establishing afirst communication link with a network by receiving data from thenetwork via a first forward link carrier and transmitting data to thenetwork via a first reverse link carrier, receiving a traffic channelassignment indicator for a second reverse link carrier via the firstforward link carrier, transmitting a channel quality indicator for asecond forward link carrier to the network and receiving reverse linkpower control information for the second reverse link via the secondforward link carrier, the reverse link power control informationassociated with controlling transmission power of the second reverselink carrier according to a channel quality of the first forward link.

It is contemplated that the channel quality indicator for the secondforward link carrier is transmitted via the first reverse link carrier.It is further contemplated that the channel quality indicator for thesecond forward link carrier is transmitted via the second reverse linkcarrier.

It is contemplated that the method further includes transmitting anotherindicator to the network using an adjusted power level, the power leveladjusted according to a predetermined step size in response to thereverse link power control information. It is further contemplated thatan initial transmission power for transmitting the other indicator isdetermined in response to at least one of a reverse link load and achannel correlation estimate between the first reverse link carrier andthe second reverse link carrier. Preferably, the reverse link powercontrol information is determined by the network in response tocomparing a measured signal to noise ratio of the indicator receivedfrom the mobile terminal and a predetermined value, wherein thepredetermined value is adjusted when the network detects a null ratereverse rate indicator (RRI), when the reverse link power controlinformation is associated with decreasing power level, or when thenetwork decodes a reverse traffic channel received from the mobileterminal.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method of establishingadditional reverse link carriers in a multi-carrier wirelesscommunication system is provided. The method includes establishing afirst communication link with a mobile terminal by transmitting data tothe mobile terminal via a first forward link carrier and receiving datafrom the mobile terminal via a first reverse link carrier, transmittinga traffic channel assignment indicator for a second reverse link carriervia the first forward link carrier, receiving a channel qualityindicator for a second forward link carrier from the mobile terminal andtransmitting reverse link power control information for the secondreverse link via the second forward link carrier, the reverse link powercontrol information associated with controlling transmission power ofthe second reverse link carrier according to a channel quality of thefirst forward link.

It is contemplated that the channel quality indicator for the secondforward link carrier is received via the first reverse link carrier. Itis further contemplated that the channel quality indicator for thesecond forward link carrier is received via the second reverse linkcarrier.

It is contemplated that the method further includes receiving anotherindicator from the mobile terminal at an adjusted power level, the powerlevel adjusted according to a predetermined step size in response to thereverse link power control information. It is further contemplated thatthe reverse link power control information is determined by comparing ameasured signal to noise ratio of the other indicator received from themobile terminal to a predetermined value, the predetermined valueadjusted when at least one of a null rate reverse rate indicator (RRI)is detected, the reverse link power control information is associatedwith decreasing a power level and a reverse traffic channel receivedfrom the mobile terminal is decoded.

In another aspect of the present invention, a method of establishingadditional reverse link carriers in a multi-carrier wirelesscommunication system is provided. The method includes establishing aplurality of forward link carriers between a network and a mobileterminal and establishing a plurality of reverse link carriers betweenthe network and mobile terminal, each of plurality of reverse linkcarrier associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of forwardlink carriers, wherein at least one of the plurality of forward linkcarrier provides control data associated with a corresponding one of theplurality of reverse link carriers to at least one non-corresponding ofthe plurality of reverse link carriers and at least one of the pluralityof reverse link carriers provides control data associated with acorresponding one of the plurality of forward link carriers to at leastone non-corresponding of the plurality of forward link carriers.

In another aspect of the present invention, a mobile terminal forestablishing additional reverse link carriers in a multi-carrierwireless communication system is provided. The mobile terminal includesa transmitting/receiving unit adapted to transmit data to and receivedata from a network, a display unit adapted to display user interfaceinformation, an input unit adapted to input user data and a processingunit adapted to establish a first communication link with the network bycontrolling the transmitting/receiving unit to receive data from thenetwork via a first forward link carrier, to control thetransmitting/receiving unit to transmit data to the network via a firstreverse link carrier, to control the transmitting/receiving unit toreceive a traffic channel assignment indicator for a second reverse linkcarrier via the first forward link carrier and to control thetransmitting/receiving unit to receive reverse link power controlinformation for the second reverse link via the first forward linkcarrier, the reverse link power control information associated withcontrolling transmission power of the second reverse link carrieraccording to a channel quality of the first forward link.

It is contemplated that the processing unit is further adapted tocontrol the transmitting/receiving unit to transmit an indicator to thenetwork using an adjusted power level, the power level adjustedaccording to a predetermined step size in response to the reverse linkpower control information. It is further contemplated that theprocessing unit is further adapted to determine an initial transmissionpower for transmitting the indicator in response to at least one of areverse link load and a channel correlation estimate between the firstreverse link carrier and the second reverse link carrier.

It is contemplated that the indicator includes at least one of a pilotsignal and a reverse rate indicator. It is further contemplated that theprocessing unit is further adapted to control the transmitting/receivingunit to receive a notification signal from the network via one of thefirst forward link carrier and a second forward link carrier, thenotification signal indicating that the network has acquired the secondreverse link carrier.

It is contemplated that the notification signal is received in one of asignaling message and a physical layer message. It is furthercontemplated that the first forward link carrier and the first reverselink carrier comprise a code division multiple access (CDMA) channel.

It is contemplated that the processing unit is further adapted tocontrol the transmitting/receiving unit to receive a power-adjust signalfrom the network and transmit another indicator at an adjusted powerlevel, the power level adjusted according to a step size that is largerthan the predetermined step size. It is further contemplated that theprocessing unit is further adapted to control the transmitting/receivingunit to communicate packet data via the second reverse link carrier whenthe reverse link power control information received from the network isassociated with decreasing a power level.

It is contemplated that the processing unit is further adapted tocontrol the transmitting/receiving unit to communicate packet data viathe second reverse link carrier when an acknowledgement signal isreceived from the network. It is further contemplated that theprocessing unit is further adapted to control the transmitting/receivingunit to transmit a channel quality indicator for a second forward linkcarrier to the network.

It is contemplated that the processing unit is further adapted tocontrol the transmitting/receiving unit to transmit the channel qualityindicator for the second forward link carrier via the first reverse linkcarrier. It is further contemplated that the processing unit is furtheradapted to control the transmitting/receiving unit to transmit thechannel quality indicator for the second forward link carrier via thesecond reverse link carrier. Preferably, the processing unit is furtheradapted to control the transmitting/receiving unit to transmit anotherindicator to the network using an adjusted power level, the power leveladjusted according to a predetermined step size in response to thereverse link power control information.

In another aspect of the present invention, a network for establishingadditional reverse link carriers in a multi-carrier wirelesscommunication system is provided. The network includes a transmitteradapted to transmit data to a mobile terminal, a receiver adapted toreceive data from the mobile terminal and a controller adapted toestablish a first communication link with the mobile terminal bycontrolling the transmitter to transmit data to the mobile terminal viaa first forward link carrier and control the receiver to receive datafrom the mobile terminal via a first reverse link carrier, to controlthe transmitter to transmit a traffic channel assignment indicator for asecond reverse link carrier via the first forward link carrier andcontrol the transmitter to transmit reverse link power controlinformation for the second reverse link via the first forward linkcarrier, the reverse link power control information associated withcontrolling transmission power of the second reverse link carrieraccording to a channel quality of the first forward link.

It is contemplated that the controller is further adapted to control thereceiver to receive an indicator from the mobile network, the indicatorreceived at an adjusted power level, the power level adjusted accordingto a predetermined step size in response to the reverse link powercontrol information. It is further contemplated that the indicatorincludes at least one of a pilot signal and a reverse rate indicator.

It is contemplated that the controller is further adapted to control thetransmitter to transmit a notification signal to the mobile terminal viaone of the first forward link carrier and a second forward link carrier,the notification signal indicating that the second reverse link carrierwas acquired. It is further contemplated that the notification signal istransmitted in one of a signaling message and a physical layer message.

It is contemplated that the first forward link carrier and the firstreverse link carrier comprise a code division multiple access (CDMA)channel. It is further contemplated that the controller is furtheradapted to control the transmitter to transmit a power-adjust signal tothe mobile terminal and control the receiver to receive anotherindicator at an adjusted power level, the power level adjusted accordingto a step size that is larger than the predetermined step size.

It is contemplated that the controller is further adapted to control thereceiver to receive packet data via the second reverse link carrier whenthe reverse link power control information transmitted to the mobileterminal is associated with decreasing a power level. It is furthercontemplated that the controller is further adapted to control thereceiver to receive packet data via the second reverse link carrier whenan acknowledgement signal is transmitted to the mobile network.

It is contemplated that the controller is further adapted to control thereceiver to receive a channel quality indicator for a second forwardlink carrier from the mobile network. It is further contemplated thatthe channel quality indicator for the second forward link carrier isreceived via the first reverse link carrier.

It is contemplated that the channel quality indicator for the secondforward link carrier is received via the second reverse link carrier. Itis further contemplated that the controller is further adapted tocontrol the receiver to receive another indicator from the mobilenetwork at an adjusted power level, the power level adjusted accordingto a predetermined step size in response to the reverse link powercontrol information. Preferably, the controller is further adapted todetermine the reverse link power control information by comparing ameasured signal to noise ratio of the other indicator received from themobile terminal to a predetermined value, the predetermined valueadjusted when at least one of a null rate reverse rate indicator (RRI)is detected, the reverse link power control information is associatedwith decreasing a power level and a reverse traffic channel receivedfrom the mobile network is decoded.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth inthe description which follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. It is to beunderstood that both the foregoing general description and the followingdetailed description of the present invention are exemplary andexplanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of theinvention as claimed.

These and other embodiments will also become readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art from the following detailed description of theembodiments having reference to the attached figures, the invention notbeing limited to any particular embodiments disclosed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principles of theinvention. Features, elements, and aspects of the invention that arereferenced by the same numerals in different figures represent the same,equivalent, or similar features, elements, or aspects in accordance withone or more embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates wireless communication network architecture.

FIG. 2A illustrates a CDMA spreading and de-spreading process.

FIG. 2B illustrates a CDMA spreading and de-spreading process usingmultiple spreading sequences.

FIG. 3 illustrates a data link protocol architecture layer for acdma2000 wireless network.

FIG. 4 illustrates cdma2000 call processing.

FIG. 5 illustrates the cdma2000 initialization state.

FIG. 6 illustrates the cdma2000 system access state.

FIG. 7 illustrates a comparison of cdma2000 for 1x and 1xEV-DO.

FIG. 8 illustrates a network architecture layer for a 1xEV-DO wirelessnetwork.

FIG. 9 illustrates 1xEV-DO default protocol architecture.

FIG. 10 illustrates 1xEV-DO non-default protocol architecture.

FIG. 11 illustrates 1xEV-DO session establishment.

FIG. 12 illustrates 1xEV-DO connection layer protocols.

FIG. 13 illustrates 1xEV-DO ACK/NAK operation.

FIG. 14 illustrates the 1xEV-DO reverse link ACK channel.

FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate a method for establishing multiple reverselinks according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate a method for establishing multiple reverselinks according to another embodiment of the present invention accordingto one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 illustrates a block diagram of a mobile station or accessterminal according to one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reliably andquickly establishing multiple reverse links in multi-carrier wirelessnetworks. Although the present invention is illustrated with respect toa mobile terminal, it is contemplated that the present invention may beutilized anytime it is desired to establish multiple reverse links forcommunication devices in multi-carrier wireless networks.

According to the methods of the present invention, a feedback channel isfirst established on the forward link (FL). Specifically, signalingchannels are established on the FL in order to transmit reverse link(RL) power control (RPC) bits and the RLACK/NAK indications.

The establishment of a feedback channel on the FL will allow the AN 6 tofacilitate the setup of the RL in a reliable and quick fashion. Inmulti-carrier systems where there already exists at least one RL inoperation, the process is more efficient.

Once the feedback channel has been established, the AT 2 must determinethe initial transmission power on the new RL carrier. Informationavailable at the AT 2 or some subset of the information may be used. Forexample, RL load via the reverse activity bit (RAB), which is set by theAN 6, and correlation, estimates between existing reverse links and thenew RL may be utilized.

The present invention provides a method to establish the feedbackchannel on the FL. The feedback channel can be a dedicated FL channelused to support the new RL channel.

Although the present invention is described with regard to a two-carriersystem with two frequencies, f1 and f2, it will be understood that thepresent invention may be applied to any multi-carrier system. Themethods of the present invention assume that the FL (f1) and RL (f1)have already been established, as in a single-carrier system. Themethods of the present invention are directed to establishing the RL onthe new carrier f2.

First, the AT 2 measures channel quality information (CQI) or data ratecontrol (DRC) information over FL(f2) using, for example, the pilotsignal (f2). The CQI (f2) information is then transmitted to the AN 6over the existing RL (f1).

Upon reception of the CQI (f2), the AN 6 initiates power control of theRL channel. The AN 6 begins monitoring RL (f2) for the RL signal of theAT 2, such as RL pilot (f2), and estimates its SNR. As in conventionalmethods, this measured pilot SNR is compared against a threshold SNR,commonly referred to as the inner loop power control set point, which isthe reception power level desired by the AN 6 and may be changedaccording to an error rate.

The inner loop power control set point may be determined in a number ofways. For example, a default value could be used initially that issufficient to detect the RRI.

Outer loop power control can begin once the null-rate RRI is detected.Outer loop power control may be initiated once the set point is reachedand a first DOWN command is sent. Furthermore, Outer loop power controlmay be initiated once the first RTC is decoded.

The AN 6 transmits the RPC (f2) commands to the AT 2 on the new carrierFL (f2). The power allocated to the RPC (f2), and later the ACK channel,is determined by CQI (f2).

It should be pointed out that measurement of the channel qualityinformation (CQI) or data rate control (DRC) information over FL (f2) bythe AT 2 can be pre-empted if the RPC (f2) commands are sent over FL(f1). Furthermore the measurement may be pre-empted if FL (f2) is notactive in any way. Moreover, even if FL (f2) is active, a DRC (f2)should already be working and the measurement may still be pre-empted.

Once the RPC (f2) feedback channel has been established, the AT 2 canthen begin transmission of the RL (f2) at an initial transmission power(f2). The signal could be, for example, the reverse rate indicator (RRI)channel. The power of the RL signal, such as the Pilot, can then beimmediately power controlled by the RPC (f2) feedback.

The AT 2 knows when to begin RTC transmission based on a response fromthe AN 6. The AN 6 may send an upper layer RTC ACK message over theexisting FL already established, such as on primary or even a new FLcarrier. The AN 6 may send a PHY layer ACK.

The PHY layer ACK may be triggered by monitoring the RRI, which could bedefined as the null-rate for initial transmission until the ACK is sent,or preferably by monitoring the pilot power and when the first DOWNcommand of RPC is sent. Errors in any of the detections, such as RRIdetection and ACK/NAK detection, must be checked.

The methods of the present invention provide for improved reliabilityand speed of the new RL carrier set up.

If the ACK channel is not used as described, then the AN 6 and AT 2 mayuse the additional feedback channel, such as the ACK/NAK channel (f2).Initially, if the AT 2 receives a NAK, the AT can decide to boost thetransmission power further.

For example, if a NAK (f2) is received, the AT 2 increases power using alarger step size, such as 2 dB. This operation could stop after the AT 2receives the first ACK. Alternately, the RPC (f2) commands can initiallyuse a larger step size, such as 2 dB, until the first ACK is received bythe AT 2 from the AN 6.

The AT 2 could initially send only the RL pilot (f2). Regular operationcould start once the first RPC (f2) DOWN command is received.

The AT 2 could send a “pseudo-probe” over the RL traffic on all RLinterlaces, or parallel ARQ channels. For NxEV-DO, this pseudo-probecould be the RRI. This would help establish the set point more quickly.

Before beginning packet transmissions, it may be ensured that the RTC isstable. The stable state may be defined as when the first DOWN commandand/or first ACK is sent. The ACK could also be used, at leastinitially, to indicate the stable state.

According to the present invention a RPC channel is established firstbefore transmission on the new RL. An RPC channel of new RL isestablished on the paired FL carrier. Alternately, an RPC channel of newRL may be established on FL anchor carrier.

FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate a first method according to the presentinvention. FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate a second method according to thepresent invention.

As illustrated in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the AT 2 measures channel qualityinformation of the new FL_b. DRC_b is then transmitted to the AN 6 overthe existing RL_a. The AN 6 then transmits the RPC_b commands to the AT2 on the new carrier FL_b.

As illustrated in FIGS. 16A and 16B, the AN 6 transmits the RPC_bcommands to the AT 2 on the existing carrier FL_a. There is no need tomeasure channel quality information of the new FL_b or to transmit DRC_bto the AN 6.

As illustrated in FIGS. 15A and 15B and 16A and 16B, once the RPC_bfeedback channel has been established, the AT 2 can then begintransmission of the RL_b pilot and RRI at an initial transmission power(b). The 1st down command by rpc_b or RRI on RL_b is then correctlydetected. The AN 6 may use the RRI error to adjust the outer loop setpoint for rpc_b. Either PHY ACK on FL_b or RTCACK is used to indicateacquisition of RL_b to the AT 2.

FIG. 17 illustrates a block diagram of a mobile station (MS) or accessterminal 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. TheAT 100 includes a processor (or digital signal processor) 110, RF module135, power management module 105, antenna 140, battery 155, display 115,keypad 120, memory 130, SIM card 125 (which may be optional), speaker145 and microphone 150.

A user enters instructional information, such as a telephone number, forexample, by pushing the buttons of a keypad 120 or by voice activationusing the microphone 150. The microprocessor 110 receives and processesthe instructional information to perform the appropriate function, suchas to dial the telephone number. Operational data may be retrieved fromthe Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card 125 or the memory module 130to perform the function. Furthermore, the processor 110 may display theinstructional and operational information on the display 115 for theuser's reference and convenience.

The processor 110 issues instructional information to the RF module 135,to initiate communication, for example, by transmitting radio signalscomprising voice communication data. The RF module 135 includes areceiver and a transmitter to receive and transmit radio signals. Anantenna 140 facilitates the transmission and reception of radio signals.Upon receiving radio signals, the RF module 135 may forward and convertthe signals to baseband frequency for processing by the processor 110.The processed signals would be transformed into audible or readableinformation outputted via the speaker 145, for example. The processor110 also includes the protocols and functions necessary to perform thevarious processes described herein with regard to cdma2000 or 1xEV-DOsystems.

The processor 110 is adapted to perform the methods disclosed herein forestablishing multiple reverse links in multi-carrier wireless networks.The processor generates and controls the RF module 135 to transmit DRC_band RPC_b and to receive FL_a and FL_b as illustrated in FIGS. 15A, 15B,16A and 16B.

Although the present invention is described with reference to cdma2000,1xEV-DO and cdma2000 NxEV-DO, it may also be applied to other applicablecommunication systems.

As the present invention may be embodied in several forms withoutdeparting from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, itshould also be understood that the above-described embodiments are notlimited by any of the details of the foregoing description, unlessotherwise specified, but rather should be construed broadly within itsspirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore allchanges and modifications that fall within the metes and bounds of theclaims, or equivalence of such metes and bounds are therefore intendedto be embraced by the appended claims.

The foregoing embodiments and advantages are merely exemplary and arenot to be construed as limiting the present invention. The presentteaching can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. Thedescription of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, andnot to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications,and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In theclaims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structuredescribed herein as performing the recited function and not onlystructural equivalents but also equivalent structures.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of receiving control information at amobile station (MS) in a multi-carrier wireless communication system,the method comprising: establishing multiple forward link carriersbetween the MS and a base station (BS), wherein each of the multipleforward link carriers is separated from each other in a frequencydomain; establishing multiple reverse link carriers between the MS andthe BS, wherein each of the multiple reverse link carriers is associatedwith a respective one of the multiple forward link carriers, andseparated from each other in the frequency domain; receiving a firstacknowledgement (ACK) signal for a first data transmitted via a firstreverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; receiving asecond ACK signal for a second data transmitted via a second reverselink carrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; transmitting firstchannel quality information for a first forward link carrier of themultiple forward link carriers; and transmitting second channel qualityinformation for a second forward link carrier the multiple forward linkcarriers; wherein the first ACK signal for the first data and the secondACK signal for the second data are received from the BS via a commonforward link carrier of the multiple forward link carriers between theMS and the BS, and wherein the first channel quality information for thefirst forward link carrier and the second channel quality informationfor the second forward link carrier are transmitted to the BS via acommon reverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriersbetween the MS and the BS.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving first power control information for a first reverse linkcarrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; and receiving secondpower control information for a second reverse link carrier of themultiple reverse link carriers, the second power control information forthe second reverse link carrier being different from the first powercontrol information for the first reverse link carrier, wherein thefirst power control information for the first reverse link carrier andthe second power control information for the second reverse link carrierare received from the BS via the common forward link carrier of themultiple forward link carriers between the MS and the BS.
 3. A method oftransmitting control information at a base station (BS) in amulti-carrier wireless communication system, the method comprising:establishing multiple forward link carriers between a mobile station(MS) and the base station (BS), wherein each of the multiple forwardlink carriers is separated from each other in a frequency domain;establishing multiple reverse link carriers between the MS and the BS,wherein each of the multiple reverse link carriers is associated with arespective one of the multiple forward link carriers, and separated fromeach other in the frequency domain; transmitting a first acknowledgement(ACK) signal for a first data received via a first reverse link carrierof the multiple reverse link carriers; transmitting a second ACK signalfor a second data received via a second reverse link carrier of themultiple reverse link carriers; receiving first channel qualityinformation for a first forward link carrier of the multiple forwardlink carriers; and receiving second channel quality information for asecond forward link carrier the multiple forward link carriers; whereinthe first ACK signal for the first data and the second ACK signal forthe second data are transmitted to the MS via a common forward linkcarrier of the multiple forward link carriers between the MS and the BS,and wherein the first channel quality information for the first forwardlink carrier and the second channel quality information for the secondforward link carrier are received from the MS via a common reverse linkcarrier of the multiple reverse link carriers between the MS and the BS.4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: transmitting first powercontrol information for a first reverse link carrier of the multiplereverse link carriers; and transmitting second power control informationfor a second reverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriers,the second power control information for the second reverse link carrierbeing different from the first power control information for the firstreverse link carrier, wherein the first power control information forthe first reverse link carrier and the second power control informationfor the second reverse link carrier are transmitted to the MS via thecommon forward link carrier the multiple forward link carriers betweenthe MS and the BS.
 5. A mobile station (MS) used in a multi-carrierwireless communication system, the MS comprising: a radio frequencyunit; and a processor configured to: establish multiple forward linkcarriers between the MS and a base station (BS), wherein each of themultiple forward link carriers is separated from each other in afrequency domain; establish multiple reverse link carriers between theMS and the BS, wherein each of the multiple reverse link carriers isassociated with a respective one of the multiple forward link carriers,and separated from each other in the frequency domain; receive a firstacknowledgement (ACK) signal for a first data transmitted via a firstreverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; receive asecond ACK signal for a second data transmitted via a second reverselink carrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; transmit firstchannel quality information for a first forward link carrier of themultiple forward link carriers; and transmit second channel qualityinformation for a second forward link carrier the multiple forward linkcarriers; wherein the first ACK signal for the first data and the secondACK signal for the second data are received from the BS via a commonforward link carrier of the multiple forward link carriers between theMS and the BS, and wherein the first channel quality information for thefirst forward link carrier and the second channel quality informationfor the second forward link carrier are transmitted to the BS via acommon reverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriersbetween the MS and the BS.
 6. The MS of claim 5, wherein the processoris further configured to: receive first power control information for afirst reverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; andreceive second power control information for a second reverse linkcarrier of the multiple reverse link carriers, the second power controlinformation for the second reverse link carrier being different from thefirst power control information for the first reverse link carrier,wherein the first power control information for the first reverse linkcarrier and the second power control information for the second reverselink carrier are received from the BS via the common forward linkcarrier of the multiple forward link carriers between the MS and the BS.7. A base station (BS) used in a multi-carrier wireless communicationsystem, the BS comprising: a radio frequency unit; and a processorconfigured to: establish multiple forward link carriers between a mobilestation (MS) and the base station (BS), wherein each of the multipleforward link carriers is separated from each other in a frequencydomain; establish multiple reverse link carriers between the MS and theBS, wherein each of the multiple reverse link carriers is associatedwith a respective one of the multiple forward link carriers, andseparated from each other in the frequency domain; transmit a firstacknowledgement (ACK) signal for a first data received via a firstreverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; transmit asecond ACK signal for a second data received via a second reverse linkcarrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; receive first channelquality information for a first forward link carrier of the multipleforward link carriers; and receive second channel quality informationfor a second forward link carrier the multiple forward link carriers;wherein the first ACK signal for the first data and the second ACKsignal for the second data are transmitted to the MS via a commonforward link carrier of the multiple forward link carriers between theMS and the BS, and wherein the first channel quality information for thefirst forward link carrier and the second channel quality informationfor the second forward link carrier are received from the MS via acommon reverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriersbetween the MS and the BS.
 8. The BS of claim 7, wherein the processoris further configured to: transmit first power control information for afirst reverse link carrier of the multiple reverse link carriers; andtransmit second power control information for a second reverse linkcarrier of the multiple reverse link carriers, the second power controlinformation for the second reverse link carrier being different from thefirst power control information for the first reverse link carrier,wherein the first power control information for the first reverse linkcarrier and the second power control information for the second reverselink carrier are transmitted to the MS via the common forward linkcarrier of the multiple forward link carriers between the MS and the BS.